You observe a grey fox wandering aimlessly with convulsive head movements and discharge from the nose and eyes. Which disease is most likely contracted?

• A. Leptospirosis
• B. Trichomoniasis
• C. Distemper
• D. Sarcoptic mange

Answer: (C)

Canine distemper virus infection in wild canids often shows nervous system involvement along with respiratory signs. When a fox wanders aimlessly with convulsive head movements, that points to central nervous system effects from distemper, such as encephalitic or seizure activity. The accompanying discharge from the nose and eyes reflects the mucous-rich respiratory tract involvement that distemper causes. The other options don’t typically produce this combination: leptospirosis tends to cause systemic illness with kidney and liver signs rather than seizures and mucous discharge; trichomoniasis is mainly a gastrointestinal or oral issue in some species and not a CNS disorder with nasal/ocular discharge in foxes; sarcoptic mange is a skin condition causing itching and hair loss, not neurological signs or mucous discharge. So, distemper best explains the observed symptoms.