Newcastle Disease virus is transmitted primarily through?

• A. Airborne particulates, nasal secretions, and ingestion
• B. Direct blood contact
• C. Waterborne transmission only
• D. Soil contact

Answer: (A)

Newcastle disease virus spreads mainly through respiratory contact and exposure to infected secretions. Birds shed the virus in nasal and ocular discharges and in feces, and the virus travels in aerosols and droplets produced when birds breathe, vocalize, or cough. Infected birds can spread it by inhaling these airborne particles or by ingesting material contaminated with secretions or feces, such as feed or water. Direct blood contact isn’t a recognized primary route, and while the virus can persist in the environment, soil contact isn’t the main pathway. Water contamination can contribute, but the dominant modes are airborne transmission and contact with infected secretions, which is why the described combination best fits how the virus is usually transmitted.